Preface ix
INTRODUCTION 1
1 STATUS: 'YOU ARE A GOD-MAN, THE TRUE ARTIST BY GOD'S GRACE' 7
The Musician as Slave and Servant
7
Handel, Haydn and the Liberation of the Musician
17
Mozart, Beethoven and the Perils of the Public Sphere
30
Rossini, Paganini, Liszt—the Musician as Charismatic Hero
45
Richard Wagner and the Apotheosis of the Musician
57
The Triumph of the Musician in the Modern World
60
2 PURPOSE: 'MUSIC IS THE MOST ROMANTIC OF ALL THE ARTS' 73
Louis XIV and the Assertion of Power
73
Opera and the Representation of Social Status
78
Bach, Handel and the Worship of God
82
Concerts and the Public Sphere
85
The Secularisation of Society, the Sacralisation of Music
89
The Romantic Revolution
91
Beethoven as Hero and Genius
98
Problems with the Public
101
Wagner and Bayreuth
104
The Invention of Classical Music
111
Jazz and Romanticism
114
Rock and Romanticism
117
3 PLACES AND SPACES: FROM PALACE TO STADIUM 122
Churches and Opera Houses
122
Concerts in Pubs and Palaces
131
Concert Halls and the Sacralisation of Music
134
Temples for Music
139
Two Ways of Elevating Music—Bayreuth and Paris
147
The Democratisation of Musical Space
153
Places and Spaces for the Masses
163
4 TECHNOLOGY: FROM STRADIVARIUS TO STRATOCASTER 173
Musical Gas and Other Inventions
173
Pianos for the Middle Classes
180
Valves, Keys and Saxophones
188
Recording
197
Radio and Television
204
The Electrification of Youth Culture
209
The Triumph of Technology
224
5 LIBERATION: NATION, PEOPLE, SEX 231
National Pride and Prejudice
231
Rule Britannia? Aux Armes, Citoyens!
240
Liberation in Italy
264
Deutschland, Deutschland fiber Alles
272
From the Woods and Meadows of Bohemia
285
A Life for the Tsar
292
Race and Rebellion
300
Sex
311
CONCLUSION 325
Chronology 332
Further Reading 343
Notes 353
Illustration Credits 401
Index 405