The Old Ball Game
How John McGraw, Christy Mathewson, and the New York Giants Created Modern Baseball
By Frank Deford
Grove Press
Copyright © 2006
Frank Deford
All right reserved.
ISBN: 9780802142474
Chapter One
Although neither one of them ever seems to have mentioned it for posterity, John J.
McGraw and Christopher Mathewson must surely have first encountered each other on
the warm afternoon of Thursday, July 19, in the year 1900, at the Polo Grounds in the
upper reaches of Manhattan on an occasion when, as was his wont, McGraw made an ass
of himself.
Inasmuch as people at that time were more correct and less impatient than they would be
a hundred years later, that summer of 1900 was taken as the last year of an old century
rather than the first of a new one. For purposes of symbolism this was good, for it
wouldn't be until two years later, in the genuinely new twentieth century, that McGraw
and Mathewson would start to work together in New York, there to have such a profound
effect upon their sport that they would raise it to a new eminence in the first city of the
land, and then beyond, into Americana.
How odd it was, too, how much Mathewson and McGraw achieved together, for never
were two men in sport so close to one another and yet so far apart in ilk and personality.
Well, maybe that was why they were good for baseball, because they offered us both
sides of the coin. Mathewson was golden, tall, and handsome, kind and educated, our
beau ideal, the first all-American boy to emerge from the field of play, while McGraw
was hardscrabble shanty Irish, a pugnacious little boss who would become the model for
the classic American coach-a male version of the whore with a heart of gold-the
tough, flinty so-and-so who was field-smart, a man's man his players came to love
despite themselves. Every American could want to be Christy Mathewson; every
American could admire John J. McGraw.
Nevertheless, that midsummer's day at the Polo Grounds, when the two young men first
saw each other, it was not a formal meeting. McGraw might not have even noticed
Mathewson, who was what was then called a "debutante"-a raw rookie, just arrived in
the National League only a week or so beforehand. Still only nineteen years old, the
pitcher had enjoyed an absolutely spectacular tenure at Norfolk in the Virginia League.
There, in barely half a season, he had won twenty games while losing only two. The
Giants had paid the princely sum of fifteen hundred dollars to purchase young
Mathewson, but his initial appearance two days previous, on Tuesday, July 17, had been
an abject disaster. At Washington Park in Brooklyn, against the defending champion
Superbas, he was sent in to relieve Ed Doheny who, according to one unforgiving
newspaper account, "hardly had the strength to get the ball to the plate." Well, to give the
devil his due, it was estimated to be 110 degrees down on the diamond. Notwithstanding,
the last straw for Doheny was when he allowed a Brooklyn runner to steal third "while he
was collecting his thoughts and looking for a breeze."
Out went the call to bring in the "phenom" from the bull pen. Several reporters noted that
Mathewson showed some speed, but alas, nothing else. In his first full inning, he gave up
five runs. Altogether, in a bit more than three innings pitched, he hit three batters, threw a
wild pitch, and allowed four hits while watching his woebegone teammates "go up in the
air," butchering various routine chances.
The latter was, however, standard procedure for the Giants. Of special note was the third
baseman, "Piano Legs" Charley Hickman, who set a season's record for errors at the hot
corner-ninety-one-a mark in ignominy that survives to this day. But then, the New-Yorks
were an all-around terrible team, a "baseball menagerie," in last place with a 23-43
record. Newspapers seemed to all but keep in type such headlines as: NEW-YORKS
BEATEN AS USUAL and SECOND CLASS BASEBALL IN HARLEM. Indeed,
Mathewson had been given a choice by the Norfolkowner-who also had offers from
Philadelphia and Cincinnati for his young star-and Matty had chosen New York
precisely because the Giants were so weak. Indeed, so dreadful was the team that few
observers could bring themselves to call such diamond pygmies Giants. More often they
were referred to as the "Harlemites," in recognition of their locale, or the "Tammany Hall
team" in honor of their owner, Andrew Freedman, who was an important operative in that
corrupt machine. Thus, while Mathewson had correctly concluded that his chances to
play would be better in New York, the Harlemites were far worse and more star-crossed
than he could possibly have bargained for.
Mathewson joined them in New York after the Giants' return from a particularly
disastrous western road trip. In St. Louis, one stalwart, first baseman "Dirty Jack" Doyle,
had even been arrested for assaulting the umpire while the "fair-minded spectators yelled
'Shame!'" The Giants were so riven with dissent that as soon as the team staggered back
to New York, the manager, Buck Ewing, tendered his resignation. Freedman, the owner,
thereupon chose as Ewing's successor George Davis, the very player who led the clique
that had refused to give their best for Ewing. Now, as the fresh-faced Mathewson arrived,
much of the other half of the team quit on Davis.
Freedman himself was the most hated man in the sport, a distinction he had labored hard
to achieve. Bill James, the baseball historian, refers to Freedman as "George Steinbrenner
on quaaludes, with a touch of Al Capone." Nobody could work for him. Davis was his
fifteenth manager in six years. Hardly any "cranks" (as fans were called till about this
time) would travel up to Harlem to see Freedman's team play. Attendance at the Polo
Grounds was usually referred to as a "handful." After being on the road for two weeks,
only eight hundred showed up to see the team play its first game back, with Mathewson
on the roster. The
Tribune found even those sorts of numbers startling, calling Giant
supporters "hoodwinked." So the paper's baseball reporter offered some explanation:
"Many strangers find themselves in New-York every day and some of them continue to
wander up to this mismanaged institution at the Polo Grounds [where Boss] Croker
unearthed 'Andy' Freedman and permitted him to get the fingers of the strangler upon the
throat of professional baseball" in New York.
Welcome to the big time, Mr. Mathewson.
On July 16, the day before his debut on the mound (or the "pitcher's box," as it was more
commonly referred to), when the Giants played Brooklyn, Mathewson even got to enjoy
his first baseball riot. Although the
World was not impressed by the imbroglio, calling it
"a touch of farce-comedy," it had seemed sufficiently threatening for twenty-three of
New York's finest to have been called to the ballyard to protect the umpire. After all,
"Dirty Jack" Doyle had been released from the St. Louis hoosegow, and you couldn't be
too sure. Then, the very next day, Mathewson got shelled in his debut, where upon who
should come to town but the St. Louis Cardinals. For reasons lost to antiquity, the New
York sports writers enjoyed referring to the Redbird aviary as "the Terrors." Well,
perhaps it was all because of their bellicose third baseman, the luminous Mr. McGraw.
Ah, there one can imagine young Christy Mathewson before the game, sneaking a peek at
McGraw as he came out onto the field to warm up. He may not have been easy to spot
right away. Whereas Mathewson himself was a towering six-feet-two, McGraw was only
five-feet, six-and-a-half inches tall; not for nothing would he be known as "The Little
Napoleon." He was pasty-faced, too, with light blue eyes-"slitty little cold, gray eyes"
someone who disliked him thought-but as a young man he offered up almost a sweet
countenance in repose. He wore his coiffure fashionably swirled on the sides in what was
known then as the "fishhook effect." Not to put too fine an Irish point on it, but McGraw
looked like a leprechaun without a conscience.
Probably, as Matty eyed him, "Muggsy" was horsing around with Wilbert Robinson,
"Uncle Robbie," his pal and business partner from their days together in Baltimore. Still,
if McGraw was hollering and razzing, as he usually was, Mathewson might not have
heard him across the diamond. Muggsy didn't possess a foghorn. Rather, as his wife
remembered: "John's voice was light and pitched rather high." But, she added: "It was
hairpin sharp."
Mathewson, like so many young baseball players, held McGraw in awe. He had not only
been one of the stars of the most glamorous team of the century, the Baltimore Orioles,
but McGraw was both the soul and brains of that brazen outfit. A couple years before, as
captain of his town team back in Pennsylvania, Mathewson had proudly used a stratagem
that he had read that McGraw had dreamed up for the Orioles. "I worshiped him in those
days," Mathewson would write years later, "little thinking that I should ever know him;
and it was beyond my fondest dreams that I should ever play ball for him."
And here he was-the fabled "Muggsy" McGraw-coming out to take batting practice
on the same diamond where Mathewson cowered to the side, eyeing him. McGraw was,
by then, probably the most famous athlete in America, his renown the measure of James
J. Jeffries, the heavyweight champ. His fame had grown all during the Gay Nineties as he
led the Orioles to three championships. He was still only twenty-seven, but had already
lived life full. Not only had he spent a decade playing in the majors, he had become a
successful manager as well. He was, too, already widowed, and had barely escaped death
himself from typhoid fever. He had played ball in Cuba-"El Mono Amarillo," they
called him with delight: "the Yellow Monkey"-and had traveled to England and the
Continent in style. On the town, where he often sallied forth, McGraw favored shirts and
shoes from Cuba to go with one of his blue serge suits that every gentleman then wore all
year round. He and his buddy Robinson were prominent Baltimore citizens, owners of the
famous Diamond Cafi, where the sporting gentry of the Monumental City drank, ate,
played billiards, and bowled midst handsome oak furnishings. Indeed, so successful was
McGraw that when the Orioles franchise had been folded the year before, after the '99
season, he had pretty much called his own tune.
He deigned to go to St. Louis, with the portly Robinson-"his avoirdupois partner"-for
only a one-year contract of ten thousand dollars, the highest in the game, and an
unprecedented under-the-table arrangement that he and Uncle Robbie would not be
bound by the game's reserve clause. That is, once the season was over, the two gentlemen
proprietors of the Diamond Cafi would be free to sign with whomever they pleased.
Some McGrawologists figured Muggsy must surely have been angling to take the St.
Louis manager's job away from Oliver Wendell "Patsy" Tebeau, but McGraw laughed at
that. In his own cockeyed scuffler's style, he explained: "Why, I had more scraps with
Patsy than any other man. As a result, we were close friends." No, after the 1900 sojourn
in St. Louis, Muggsy wanted to return to some team on the East Coast-ideally to a
newly constituted Baltimore nine.
McGraw was still a whale of a player. In '99, even as he had also managed Baltimore,
McGraw had hit .391. With St. Louis, although he was just going through the motions, he
batted .344 for the 1900 season, leading off and playing third. And so here is young
Christy Mathewson, in his first week in the major leagues, eyeballing the famous
McGraw's every move, and in the second inning-just the second inning!-Matty
watches aghast as Muggsy throws a conniption fit.
Contemporary accounts don't explain what upset McGraw so. We only know that it was
a decision at first base. He alone appears to have taken umbrage. Nobody could figure out
why. "It was apparent that the decision was imminently correct," the
Times assured its
readers. Umpire Terry finally had enough, though, and ejected McGraw, a dismissal,
observed the
Tribune, "that seemed to dishearten the other members of the St. Louis
team." Indeed, with McGraw expelled, the Giants garnered a rare victory, beating the
Terrors 8-3. Only then, in defeat, did the losers appear to come to life again "when they
applied uncalled for verbal abuse to the umpire."
So did Matty first encounter Muggsy. Probably, as he went back to his room at the
Colonial Hotel on 125th Street, he wondered what possibly could have set McGraw off.
But then, that's the sort of thing Mathewson might have pondered often for the rest of his
baseball life. Sometimes Muggsy just blew his top because that's what Muggsy did. You
never could be sure, though. Sometimes he would feign anger and get himself thrown out
of a game early on so that he could go to the horse races. That might account for his
actions on that particular Thursday, July 19, 1900. St. Louis was out of the pennant race,
and the crowd at the Polo Grounds was a handful. The best umpires were on to his scam,
though. One time in St. Louis when McGraw pretended to argue a call so vociferously as
to get tossed so he could head over to the track, umpire Tim Hurst just smiled at him and
said: "There ain't a chance, Mac." No matter how vile and animated Muggsy got with
Hurst, the ump just grinned back. McGraw's punishment was that he had to stay and play
whether he liked it or not.
Anyway, two weeks after the Polo Grounds ejection, the Giants played in St. Louis.
Matty had been rocked again in Pittsburgh the week before, giving up six runs in the first
inning he worked in relief. Then, in St. Louis on Saturday, August 4, Mathewson actually
pitched to McGraw. Although it's unclear from the box scores exactly when he relieved
"Doughnut Bill" Carrick, he came on fairly early, and since McGraw got two hits in the
game, at least one and maybe both came off the debutante. St. Louis won 9-8. If
Mathewson had any consolation, he did get his first major league hit in this game, a
triple. He was always a pretty fair-hitting pitcher.
But unfortunately in 1900 he wasn't much of a pitching pitcher. Manager Davis used him
only three more times before the parsimonious Freedman sent Mathewson back to
Norfolk so that the owner might get a refund on the deal. On the year with the Giants,
Mathewson had no wins but three losses, giving up thirty-four hits, twenty walks, and
thirty-two runs in thirty-four innings pitched. He grew terribly homesick living alone at
the Colonial Hotel, and on the road nobody in either of the team's two disputatious
cliques seemed to have much time for the kid. By the end of the season Mathewson had
decided that he was not good enough to make it in baseball. He considered a career in
forestry or in the Presbyterian ministry, which is what his mother had in mind for him.
McGraw, too, could hardly wait for the '00 season to end.
Continues...
Excerpted from The Old Ball Game
by Frank Deford
Copyright © 2006 by Frank Deford.
Excerpted by permission.
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